10 results
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
into the deeper retinal ... Hemorrhages • Focal areas ... macula, and/or retina ... Retinopathy #Diabetes #ophthalmology ... complications #pathophysiology
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy - Pathophysiology
PTH-mediated
 • Parathyroid cancer
 • Ectopic production: Small cell lung cancer, ovarian
of Malignancy - Pathophysiology ... D - Increased renal ... Cell, Breast Cancer ... Hypercalcemia #Malignancy #Pathophysiology ... #Differential #
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
white or yellow areas ... of the terminal retinal ... around atrophic areas ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Behçet's Syndrome
Systemic disease associated with inflammation of multiple organs, small-vessel vasculitis and large-vessel vasculopathy
Epidemiology:
 • Young
disease (panuveitis, retinal ... Behcet disease) Differential ... Ocular: Giant retinal ... inhibitors • Uveitis- Ophthalmology ... Syndrome #diagnosis #management
Differentiation Syndrome in APML
Epidemiology:
 • Incidence: common in APL (2-48% depending on the study)
 • Triggers:
ATRA treatment Pathophysiology ... damage • Induce blast ... initiation • Differential ... Anaphylaxis, Acute Renal ... APML #diagnosis #management
Posterior staphyloma on Fundoscopy Ocular Examination

Patient presents bilateral posterior staphylomas and areas of scarring and fibrosis
staphylomas and areas ... staphyloma #Scarring #Retina ... PhysicalExam #clinical #video ... #ophthalmology
Shock Overview
A state of tissue hypoxia due to decreased or dysregulated oxygen delivery or extraction, resulting
depressed) • Renal ... wet (dependent areas ... vomiting/diarrhea), renal ... Classification #diagnosis #management ... #criticalcare #differential
Shock Overview
A state of tissue hypoxia due to decreased or dysregulated oxygen delivery or extraction, resulting
depressed) • Renal ... wet (dependent areas ... vomiting/diarrhea), renal ... Classification #diagnosis #management ... #criticalcare #differential
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Immunosuppressive agents, Renal ... Etiology: • Pathophysiology ... Reversible course Differential ... • Seizures: Treat ... Syndrome #diagnosis #management
Management of Pruritus in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Pruritus with no primary lesions - differential diagnosis:
Management of Pruritus ... primary lesions - differential ... diagnosis: • Renal ... wool, over itchy areas ... scratch the itchy areas