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The fourth pattern includes abnormalities that result in decreased lung attenuation or air-filled lesions.
These include:
- Emphysema
-
The fourth pattern ... - Lung cysts (LAM ... #Diagnosis #Radiology ... #Pulmonary #CTChest ... #SignetRing #RadiologyAssistant
Low Attenuation pattern 
1. Lymphangiomyomatosis (LAM): uniform cysts in woman of child-bearing age; no history of
Centrilobular emphysema ... low attenuation areas ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #Comparison #Table ... #RadiologyAssistant
Upper lung zone preference is seen in:
- Inhaled particles: pneumoconiosis (silica or coal)
- Smoking related diseases
Upper lung zone ... (centrilobular emphysema ... edema #Diagnosis #Radiology ... #Differential #Table ... #Upper #Lower #RadiologyAssistant
Low Attenuation pattern (2) 
1. Centrilobular emphysema: low attenuation areas without walls. Notice the centrilobular artery
Centrilobular emphysema ... low attenuation areas ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #Comparison #Table ... #RadiologyAssistant
Differential diagnosis on HRCT
Most of our knowledge about imaging findings in interstitial lung disease comes from
in interstitial lung ... low attenuation (table ... #Diagnosis #Radiology ... #Pulmonary #CXR ... #Differential #RadiologyAssistant
Radiologists use many terms to describe areas of decreased density or lucencies within the lung, like
pneumatocele, emphysema ... with a thin wall Emphysema ... #Differential #Table ... #Pulmonary #Diagnosis ... #Radiology
Lung abnormalities mostly present as areas of increased density, which can be divided into the following
the following patterns ... are seen as in emphysema ... Diagnosis #Pathophys #Radiology ... #CXR #Lung #Patterns ... #RadiologyAssistant
The idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs) comprise a heterogenous group of disorders. 
They represent fundamental responses of
listed in the table ... have specific patterns ... #Diagnosis #Radiology ... #Pulmonary #CTChest ... ILD #Findings #RadiologyAssistant
On the left a typical case of panlobular emphysema.
There is uniform destruction of the underlying architecture
the secondary pulmonary ... to widespread areas ... Pulmonary vessels ... #Clinical #Radiology ... PanlobularEmphysema #RadiologyAssistant
On the left a patient with ground glass pattern in a mosaic distribution.
The clue here is
with ground glass pattern ... enlargement of pulmonary ... (arrow) in the areas ... #Clinical #Radiology ... Thromboembolism #RadiologyAssistant