35 results
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Inflammatory Disease: (i.e. GCA, SLE, GPA) ->
Artery Occlusion ... Pathogenesis and clinical ... Artery Occlusion ... edema caused by ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO)
 - Pathophysiology not fully understood; possibly due to thrombus located in
Vein Occlusion ( ... Second most common cause ... retinopathy) #Clinical ... #Ophthalmology ... #Vein #Occlusion
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Pathogenesis and clinical ... infarcts from occlusions ... Hemorrhages • Focal areas ... ischemia causes ... Retinopathy #Diabetes #ophthalmology
Breast Discharge - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High Prolactin + Normal TSH
 • Microprolactinoma
 • Steroid Hormone Intake
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Prolactin + Normal/ Low ... Production • Renal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... Endocrinology #Causes
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
Pathogenesis and clinical ... white or yellow areas ... Hard Exudates • Occlusion ... around atrophic areas ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
ADH promotes Urea ... Uric Acid - Low ... High Uric Acid → renal ... #nephrology #sodium ... #low #uricacid
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Extra-renal Losses ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Causes of Metabolic ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... MetabolicAlkalosis #NonGap #Nephrology ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm
UOsm ≥ POsm - Vasopressin-Dependent
 • UNa < 20 mEq/L - Appropriate (↓ EABV)
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... solute intake, Renal ... #differential #algorithm ... #causes #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... , NGT suction, Low ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Causes