10 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Extra-renal Losses: • Normal ... Acid-Base: Low ... intake • Metabolic ... , Gitelman syndrom ... potassium #low #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... ABG And BMP Normal ... D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology ... #ABG #bloodgas
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... acid-base status ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... acid-base status ... #nephrology #differential
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... - Bartter - Gitelman ... secretion • Acid-base ... #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... consumption • Low/Normal ... Pressure: - Metabolic ... , Gitelman syndrome ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... alkalosis • Normal ... Hypochloremic metabolic ... #nephrology #management ... #pathophysiology
Stiff Person Syndrome (SPS) - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Epidemiology:
 • Prevalence: 1-2 cases per million -
Pathophysiology ... muscles) • Wide based ... other neurological disorders ... : • Anti-GAD Ab ... limb or joint disorders
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
Spinal Cord Disorders ... injury • Gait is abnormal ... Toxic Metabolic: ... MCTD, Sjogren syndrome ... differential #algorithm
#ICUCard
RENAL
GFR
90-131
mL/min
((140-age)*Wt)/(72*Cr)
Glomerular Filtration Rate (Cockcroft)
CI Cr
90-131
mL/min
(CrU * volume)/CrS
Creatinine Clearance
FENa
0.0-1.0
%
((U/P Na)/(U/P Cr))*100
Fractional Excretion of Na+
Na req
mEq
(125-Na)*0.6*Wt
Required Sodium
FE Urea
Required Sodium FE Urea ... Fractional Excretion of Urea ... Osmolar Gap ACID-BASE ... PaCO2)/HCO3 Acid base ... Distress Syndrome