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diagnosis differential hypokalemia causes low alkalosis metabolic urine aids associated dementia disorder fanconi hand hiv hypochloremia liddle localization management nephron
Algorithm for Differentiating Gitelman syndrome from Bartter syndrome • Urine Chloride • Urine Ca/Cr ratio Dr. Krithika
Gitelman syndrome ... from Bartter syndrome ... • Urine Chloride ... #syndrome #Bartter ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Localization of Renal Tubular Defects Fanconi Syndrome: Proximal tubule Bartter Syndrome: Thick ascending loop of Henle Gitelman Syndrome: Distal
Renal Tubular Defects ... Proximal tubule Bartter ... #Fanconi #Bartter ... #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... • Bartter syndrome ... • Pseudo Bartter-Gitelman ... #nephrology #management ... #pathophysiology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... thiazide diuretics, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
Algorithm Cl- ... diuretic use, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... of sodium and potassium ... #nephrology #differential
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L • Gastric alkalosis:
tubule reabsorptive defect ... actively working • Bartter ... furosemide-like lesion) • Gitelman ... other • Severe potassium ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypertensive: • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism • High Al, High
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... h - Diuretics, Bartter's ... syndrome, Gitelman's ... #nephrology #causes ... #low #potassium
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... treated with IV potassium ... Emesis, Diuretics, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... #nephrology #low
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
Algorithm for patients ... Mg2+ deficiency, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... #urine #potassium ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Diuretics, Bartter's ... syndrome, Gitelman's ... #causes #nephrology ... #potassium
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