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diagnosis differential hyponatremia management treatment aids alkalosis associated chloride dementia disorder epithelial hiv hypernatremia inherited kidney metabolic neurocognitive neurology table
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... Gitelman Syndrome ... thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride ... #Syndrome #Pathophysiology ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter Bartter
Inherited Defects ... ascending limb Gitelman ... Increased open time and ... of epithelial sodium ... #Kidney #Nephrology
Management of SIADH Treat underlying cause: • Causes can include pain, primary lung pathology, post-operative phenomenon, medications,
Management of SIADH ... volume overload Urea ... promoting passive sodium ... Has many side effects ... #hyponatremia #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemic - Give volume Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome ... , SSRIs) - SIADH ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #sodium
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration. Step 2. Check plasma osmolality. NORMAL PLASMA
Repeat the sodium ... EUVOLEMIC • SIADH ... • nephrotic syndrome ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm ... #Nephrology
SIADH Treatment Options 1. Treat underlying cause of SIADH: Pain, Primary lung pathology, Post-operative phenomenon, Medications, Basically
Urea powder • Induces ... promoting passive sodium ... into ammonium by urease-producing ... • Major side effects ... #hyponatremia #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... the excretion of sodium ... #nephrology #differential
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND) Definition: HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories: • Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment • Mild neurocognitive impairment • HIV dementia Pathophysiology: HIV frequently
HIV dementia Pathophysiology ... infects the CNS ... volume • Patchy areas ... The clinical syndrome ... dementia #AIDS #Neurology
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