13 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Repeat the sodium ... Step 2. ... NORMAL PLASMA OSMOLALITY ... • nephrotic syndrome ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis Workup ... Algorithm 1) ... renal mechanism 2) ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... - AKI Workup Algorithm ... electrolytes, urea ... investigations abnormal ... #Diagnosis #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... the excretion of sodium ... #nephrology #differential
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
Hepatorenal Syndrome ... Pathophysiology: ... • Normal kidney ... • Urine sodium ... #Hepatology #Nephrology
Acute Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Vascular Causes of Acute Liver Injury: 
 • Hepatic vein:
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... vein: Budd-chiari syndrome ... liver disease: > 2 ... • Gilbert's syndrome ... #hepatology
Causes of Petechial Rash - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Pinpoint areas (less than 2 mm) of hemorrhage, which
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Pinpoint areas ... (less than 2 mm ... deficiency - Abnormal ... deficiency Work
Stiff Person Syndrome (SPS) - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Epidemiology:
 • Prevalence: 1-2 cases per million -
Prevalence: 1-2 ... Pathophysiology ... antibody that works ... Oligoclonal bands • Normal ... others (botox, sodium
Abnormal liver function tests algorithm.
 This figure details the initial response to abnormal liver blood tests.
tests algorithm ... presence of metabolic syndrome ... Areas of diagnostic ... disease; T2DM, type 2 ... #Algorithm #Hepatology
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... on the skin • Areas ... involvement: Muscles, Kidneys ... Collapse: • Pathophysiology ... encephalopathy) 2.