9 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
• Normal Acid-Base ... Low intake • Metabolic ... Renal Losses: • Metabolic ... , Gitelman syndrom ... potassium #low #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... Gitelman Syndrome ... → Hypokalemia Metabolic ... #Syndrome #Pathophysiology ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
- Bartter - Gitelman ... secretion • Acid-base ... components of acid-base ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride
CPPD vs Gout

== CPPD == 

Think About CPPD When:
 • Self-limited synovitis after surgery/trauma (> 65
disease states Pathophysiology ... Monosodium urate ... • Male sex • Metabolic ... syndrome • Medications ... #Gout #Comparison
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... lung disease (COPD ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology ... bloodgas #Acid #Base
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... poisoning Normal acid-base ... chloride responsive and ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Stiff Person Syndrome (SPS) - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Epidemiology:
 • Prevalence: 1-2 cases per million -
men • Commonly associated ... Pathophysiology ... : • Associated ... muscles) • Wide based ... Management #treatment #neurology
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
Disorder (HAND) ... HIV dementia Pathophysiology ... volume • Patchy areas ... The clinical syndrome ... dementia #AIDS #Neurology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
posterior occipital and ... fluctuations PRES-Associated ... Etiology: • Pathophysiology ... Drug toxicity, Metabolic ... diagnosis #management #neurology