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diagnosis differential alkalosis causes hypokalemia metabolic neurology urinary aids associated cerebritis cns dementia disorder encephalopathy erythematosus hand hiv hypochloremia lupus
Algorithm for Differentiating Gitelman syndrome from Bartter syndrome • Urine Chloride • Urine Ca/Cr ratio Dr. Krithika
Gitelman syndrome ... from Bartter syndrome ... • Urine Chloride ... #syndrome #Bartter ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... diuretic use, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... syndrome, Hypomagnesemia ... Normal acid-base status
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... • Bartter syndrome ... • Pseudo Bartter-Gitelman ... #nephrology #management ... #pathophysiology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
Algorithm Cl- ... diuretic use, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... Normal acid-base status ... #nephrology #differential
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Cause - Decreased Intake: • Low salt in diet • Exclusive D5W
- Diuresis - Bartter ... - Gitelman ... altered mental status ... #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L • Gastric alkalosis:
contracted: urine chloride ... chloridorrhea) • Status ... actively working • Bartter ... furosemide-like lesion) • Gitelman ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... of hypokalemia starts ... • Diuretics, Bartter's ... syndrome, Gitelman's ... #causes #nephrology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by: • Headache • Seizures • Altered mental
Altered mental status ... Altered mental status ... Etiology: • Pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #management ... #neurology
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND) Definition: HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories: • Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment • Mild neurocognitive impairment • HIV dementia Pathophysiology: HIV frequently
HIV dementia Pathophysiology ... CNS in the early stages ... the blood-brain barrier ... volume • Patchy areas ... The clinical syndrome
CNS Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Clinical Manifestations: Demyelinating Syndrome, Headache, Movement disorders, Seizure disorders, Aseptic
Demyelinating Syndrome ... Disease, PRES Pathophysiology ... or blood-brain barrier ... Secondary prevention (statin ... cerebritis #diagnosis #management
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