10 results
Localization of Renal Tubular Defects
Fanconi Syndrome: Proximal tubule
Bartter Syndrome: Thick ascending loop of Henle
Gitelman Syndrome: Distal
Localization of Renal ... Tubular Defects ... tubule #Liddle ... #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... , Liddle syndrome ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Extra-renal Losses ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... Aldosterone: Liddle's ... , Gitelman syndrom ... #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... , Liddle syndrome ... #Nephrology #Causes
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
- Gitelman ... Genetic defects ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table ... Classification #Causes #Workup
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
Inherited Defects ... ascending limb Gitelman ... convoluted tubule Liddle ... #Kidney #Nephrology ... #Differential #Table
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Chloridorrhea Renal ... Hypomagnesemia • Barrter's/Gitelman's ... • Licorice • Liddle's ... Syndrome • Enzyme ... MetabolicAlkalosis #NonGap #Nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
suggests extra-renal ... mineralocorticoid excess, Liddle's ... , Gitelman syndrome ... differential #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... , Liddle syndrome ... #Nephrology #Causes
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... Active (or too little ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology