37 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Extra-renal Losses ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... , Gitelman syndrom ... #nephrology
Localization of Renal Tubular Defects
Fanconi Syndrome: Proximal tubule
Bartter Syndrome: Thick ascending loop of Henle
Gitelman Syndrome: Distal
Localization of Renal ... loop of Henle Gitelman ... Fanconi #Bartter #Gitelman ... Nephron #Defects #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Causes
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis
Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial:
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
Differential Diagnosis Renal ... Familial: Bartter syndrome ... and Gitelman syndrome ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology ... #magnesium #low
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
diarrhea / IBD Renal ... - Gitelman ... syndrome - ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... Classification #Causes #Workup
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Chloridorrhea Renal ... • Penicillins Renal ... Hypomagnesemia • Barrter's/Gitelman's ... Licorice • Liddle's Syndrome ... MetabolicAlkalosis #NonGap #Nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis Workup ... Algorithm 1) ... mOsm/kg - Implies renal ... • Euvolemic (Low ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Low intake ... oral intake Renal ... tubular acidosis • Gitelman's ... syndrome • Bartter's
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
Workup of Hypercalcemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypercalcemia Low ... PTHrP: - Low ... #Workup #nephrology