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diagnosis differential gitelman aids alkalosis associated cardiorenal dementia disorder hiv hypochloremia hypokalemia hyponatremia hypotonic icucard management mechanisms metabolic neurocognitive neurology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
Algorithm Cl- ... alkalosis • Normal/low ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #urine #Algorithm ... #nephrology #differential
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Pathophysiology ... thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride ... → - ↑ K+ and ... #Pathophysiology ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Mechanisms of nephron damage in cardiorenal syndrome • Increased renal interstitial pressure • Hypoperfusion • Reduced
in cardiorenal syndrome ... Reduced renal blood flow ... hypertrophy • Sodium ... #Mechanisms #pathophysiology ... #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... can be high or low ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Cause - Decreased Intake: • Low salt in diet • Exclusive D5W
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Decreased Intake: • Low ... • Fatigue Chloride ... #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND) Definition: HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories: • Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment • Mild neurocognitive impairment • HIV dementia Pathophysiology: HIV frequently
HIV dementia Pathophysiology ... ARVs can have low ... volume • Patchy areas ... The clinical syndrome ... with low CD4 counts
#ICUCard RENAL GFR 90-131 mL/min ((140-age)*Wt)/(72*Cr) Glomerular Filtration Rate (Cockcroft) CI Cr 90-131 mL/min (CrU * volume)/CrS Creatinine Clearance FENa 0.0-1.0 % ((U/P Na)/(U/P Cr))*100 Fractional Excretion of Na+ Na req mEq (125-Na)*0.6*Wt Required Sodium FE Urea
0.6*Wt Required Sodium ... FE Urea 20-70 ... Fractional Excretion of Urea ... Distress Syndrome ... -2min Calcium chloride
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