11 results
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
has hematuria and ... the patient have glomerular ... hematuria (RBC casts ... #Comparison #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Aphasia - Pathophysiology and Clinical Findings
Broca's Aphasia - Expressive language impairment: non-Fluent
 - Sensory speech areas
Aphasia - Pathophysiology ... Broca's Aphasia ... Contralateral sensory deficits ... #Aphasia #Pathophysiology ... #Wernickes #neurology
Algorithm - Approach to the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting with overt glomerular proteinuria. CMV
Algorithm - Approach ... hemolytic-uremic syndrome ... of the retina, uveae ... Nephrocalcinosis causes ... #nephrology
Management of SIADH
Treat underlying cause:
 • Causes can include pain, primary lung pathology, post-operative phenomenon, medications,
volume overload Urea ... into ammonium by urease-producing ... antagonists: • Blocks ... Has many side effects ... #hyponatremia #nephrology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... inversely related to glomerular ... rate by tubulo-glomerular ... #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride
SIADH Treatment Options
1. Treat underlying cause of SIADH: Pain, Primary lung pathology, Post-operative phenomenon, Medications, Basically
Urea powder • Induces ... into ammonium by urease-producing ... (-vaptans) • Blocks ... • Major side effects ... #hyponatremia #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm ... electrolytes, urea ... osmolarity If cause ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Myasthenia Gravis Overview

Myasthenia Gravis is an autoimmune disorder of the postsynaptic neuromuscular junction.  Ab to
Ab to AChR blocks ... Paraneoplastic effects ... muscles: “myasthenic crises ... Myasthenia Crises ... diagnosis #management #neurology
Alexia Without Agraphia
Alexia without agraphia is a disconnection syndrome where patients cannot read but can write.
disconnection syndrome ... the most common cause ... Pathophysiology: ... Agraphia #clinical #neurology ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
HIV dementia Pathophysiology ... infects the CNS ... volume • Patchy areas ... The clinical syndrome ... dementia #AIDS #Neurology