11 results
Localization of Renal Tubular Defects
Fanconi Syndrome: Proximal tubule
Bartter Syndrome: Thick ascending loop of Henle
Gitelman Syndrome: Distal
Renal Tubular Defects ... loop of Henle Gitelman ... Localization #Nephron #Defects ... #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology
Effects of Strokes by Location - Anterior vs Posterior Localization

Anterior Circulation 
 - MCA 
 -
Effects of Strokes ... #CVA #Territory ... #Localization #Effects ... #Neurology #Diagnosis ... Review in Clinical Neurology
Algorithm for Differentiating Gitelman syndrome from Bartter syndrome
 • Urine Chloride
 • Urine Ca/Cr ratio

Dr. Krithika
Algorithm for Differentiating ... Gitelman syndrome ... Chloride • Urine Ca ... krithicism #Gitelman ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... Pathophysiology ... Gitelman Syndrome ... #Syndrome #Pathophysiology ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
Inherited Defects ... ascending limb Gitelman ... Epithelial #Inherited #Defects ... #Kidney #Nephrology ... #Differential #Table
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Algorithm for patients ... Non-reabsorbable anion effect ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #differential #algorithm ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
tubule diuretic effect ... tubule reabsorptive defect ... furosemide-like lesion) • Gitelman ... syndrome (defective ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Side Effects of the Neobladder - Pathophysiology
 • Hercalciuria → Kidney Stones
 • Bone Resorption →
Side Effects of ... the Neobladder - Pathophysiology ... • Salt Loss Syndrome ... Absorption of NH4+,Urea ... #Urology #Diagnosis
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... mineralocorticoid-like effect ... #nephrology #differential
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
HIV dementia Pathophysiology ... barrier (BBB), and infects ... volume • Patchy areas ... The clinical syndrome ... dementia #AIDS #Neurology