7 results
Localization of Renal Tubular Defects
Fanconi Syndrome: Proximal tubule
Bartter Syndrome: Thick ascending loop of Henle
Gitelman Syndrome: Distal
Renal Tubular Defects ... tubule #Liddle ... #Bartter #Gitelman ... #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
acid transporter Bartter ... ascending limb Gitelman ... convoluted tubule Liddle ... #Kidney #Nephrology ... #Differential #Table
Side Effects of the Neobladder - Pathophysiology
 • Hercalciuria → Kidney Stones
 • Bone Resorption →
Side Effects of ... Hercalciuria → Kidney ... • Salt Loss Syndrome ... Absorption of NH4+,Urea ... #Neobladder #SideEffects
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
↑ Aldosterone: Kidney ... mineralocorticoid excess, Liddle ... Mg2+ deficiency, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
differentiating kidney ... mineralocorticoid excess, Liddle's ... Emesis, Diuretics, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
deficiency • Liddle ... tubule reabsorptive defect ... actively working • Bartter ... furosemide-like lesion) • Gitelman ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
HIV dementia Pathophysiology ... the blood-brain barrier ... (BBB), and infects ... the blood-brain barrier ... The clinical syndrome