7 results
Localization of Renal Tubular Defects
Fanconi Syndrome: Proximal tubule
Bartter Syndrome: Thick ascending loop of Henle
Gitelman Syndrome: Distal
Defects Fanconi ... Liddle Syndrome ... #Liddle #Syndrome ... #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
Inherited Defects ... ascending limb Gitelman ... Liddle syndrome ... #Kidney #Nephrology ... #Differential #Table
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... hypokalemia • Renal tubular ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... glycyrrhizic acid, Liddle's ... #causes #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Losses - Impaired tubular ... Hypomagnesemia • Barrter's/Gitelman's ... • Licorice • Liddle's ... Syndrome • Enzyme ... MetabolicAlkalosis #NonGap #Nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
diuretics after renal tubule ... deficiency • Liddle ... reabsorptive defect ... furosemide-like lesion) • Gitelman ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... Active (or too little ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
HIV dementia Pathophysiology ... volume • Patchy areas ... The clinical syndrome ... disorder #dementia #AIDS ... #Neurology