11 results
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
dementia Pathophysiology ... the blood-brain barrier ... Clinical Presentation ... : The clinical ... syndrome of HAD
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... be treated with IV ... Emesis, Diuretics, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... tubule (DCT) Clinical ... • Bartter syndrome ... • Pseudo Bartter-Gitelman ... #pathophysiology
Alexia Without Agraphia
Alexia without agraphia is a disconnection syndrome where patients cannot read but can write.
disconnection syndrome ... Pathophysiology: ... #Agraphia #clinical ... #neurology #diagnosis ... #pathophysiology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm ... electrolytes, urea ... investigations depending on clinical ... hepatitis serology, HIV ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Osmotic diuresis, Bartter's ... diuretic use), Gitelman's ... and lymphomas, IV ... megaloblastic anemia ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Guillain-Barre Syndrome - Summary

Acute AIDP that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness

Epidemiology:
 • 1-2 cases/100,000 per
Guillain-Barre Pathophysiology ... Campylobacter jejuni - HIV ... meningococcal, H1N1) Clinical ... Guillain-Barre Clinical ... Opthaloplegia • Ataxia
Lesions of the Spinal cord - Spinal Cord Syndromes

Spinal cord lesions can result in permanent neurologic
- Spinal Cord Syndromes ... syphilis, and HIV ... - Friedreich ataxia ... anterior horn gray matter ... differential #diagnosis #neurology
Penicillin Allergy Pathway for Antibiotic Prescription in Patients With Penicillin Allergy
Mild Reaction - Itching, Minor rash
Stevens-Johnson syndrome ... , Hemolytic anemia ... there is a strong clinical ... cephalosporin, please ... #Prescription #algorithm
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
should be based on clinical ... , gait ataxia, and ... periventricular areas ... subcortical white matter ... InfectiousDiseases #Neurology