8 results
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
(particularly common ... - Gitelman ... Genetic defects ... #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
Inherited Defects ... ascending limb Gitelman ... #Kidney #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential ... #Table
Alexia Without Agraphia
Alexia without agraphia is a disconnection syndrome where patients cannot read but can write.
disconnection syndrome ... occlusion is the most common ... Pathophysiology: ... Infarct (most common ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... #nephrology #management ... #pathophysiology
Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID)

What?
CVID: Immunodeficiency disorder with hypogammaglobulinemia -> increased infection risk secondary to impaired B-cell
Common Variable ... • Affects 1:25,000 ... - gastric and breast ... : • Nephrotic syndrome ... (Epstein-Barr syndrome
Thiamine Deficiency - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Clinical Manifestations

Causes of Thiamine Deficiency:
 • Poor intake:
	- Diets
Thiamine Deficiency - Differential ... rice, Cereals • Low ... pulmonary HTN is common ... Manifestations #Differential ... beriberi #nutrition #pathophysiology
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
HIV dementia Pathophysiology ... barrier (BBB), and infects ... ARVs can have low ... volume • Patchy areas ... The clinical syndrome
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
Lactic Acidosis - Differential ... Diagnosis The most common ... LV failure - Low ... - Compartment syndrome ... B3: Hereditary Defects