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diagnosis differential algorithm alkalosis causes hypokalemia metabolic urine aids associated chloride classification common cvid dementia disorder epithelial fanconi hand hematology
Localization of Renal Tubular Defects Fanconi Syndrome: Proximal tubule Bartter Syndrome: Thick ascending loop of Henle Gitelman Syndrome: Distal
Renal Tubular Defects ... Proximal tubule Bartter ... #Nephron #Defects ... #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter Bartter
Inherited Defects ... acid transporter Bartter ... ascending limb Gitelman ... Epithelial #Inherited #Defects ... #Kidney #Nephrology
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism Decreased GI Uptake - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
- Gitelman ... syndrome - ... Genetic defects ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
Low-normal EABV ... Non-reabsorbable anion effect ... Mg2+ deficiency, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... • Bartter syndrome ... • Pseudo Bartter-Gitelman ... #nephrology #management ... #pathophysiology
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND) Definition: HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories: • Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment • Mild neurocognitive impairment • HIV dementia Pathophysiology: HIV frequently
HIV dementia Pathophysiology ... the blood-brain barrier ... (BBB), and infects ... ARVs can have low ... The clinical syndrome
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L • Gastric alkalosis:
tubule diuretic effect ... tubule reabsorptive defect ... actively working • Bartter ... furosemide-like lesion) • Gitelman ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... diuretic use, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... mineralocorticoid-like effect ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) What? CVID: Immunodeficiency disorder with hypogammaglobulinemia -> increased infection risk secondary to impaired B-cell
• Affects 1:25,000 ... - gastric and breast ... and M panel Management ... : • Nephrotic syndrome ... (Epstein-Barr syndrome
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