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diagnosis neurology defects differential hypokalemia management agraphia aids associated causes clinical dementia disorder epithelial fanconi gerstmann hand hiv inherited kidney
Localization of Renal Tubular Defects Fanconi Syndrome: Proximal tubule Bartter Syndrome: Thick ascending loop of Henle Gitelman Syndrome: Distal
Proximal tubule Bartter ... loop of Henle Gitelman ... #Fanconi #Bartter ... Nephron #Defects #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter Bartter
acid transporter Bartter ... syndrome - Na-K ... ascending limb Gitelman ... Defects #Kidney #Nephrology ... #Differential #Table
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... • Bartter syndrome ... • Pseudo Bartter-Gitelman ... #nephrology #management ... #pathophysiology
Gerstmann Syndrome 1) Finger agnosia - Inability to name their own fingers, affecting both sides 2) Right-left confusion
Gerstmann Syndrome ... Agraphia (without alexia ... patient is still able ... subjacent white matter ... #neurology #diagnosis
Alexia Without Agraphia Alexia without agraphia is a disconnection syndrome where patients cannot read but can write.
Alexia without ... disconnection syndrome ... Pathophysiology: ... Agraphia #clinical #neurology ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND) Definition: HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories: • Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment • Mild neurocognitive impairment • HIV dementia Pathophysiology: HIV frequently
HIV dementia Pathophysiology ... the blood-brain barrier ... the blood-brain barrier ... volume • Patchy areas ... The clinical syndrome
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Osmotic diuresis, Bartter's ... syndrome (mimics ... diuretic use), Gitelman's ... megaloblastic anemia ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Stiff Person Syndrome (SPS) - Diagnosis and Management Summary Epidemiology: • Prevalence: 1-2 cases per million -
Stiff Person Syndrome ... and pernicious anemia ... Pathophysiology ... antibody that works ... Management #treatment #neurology
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