10 results
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
urinary sediment, renal ... electrolytes, urea ... ANCA, ANA, Anti-GBM ... HIV serology, renal ... eosinophiluria, renal
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes - OnePager Summary
Autoimmune ANCA vasculitis (AAV): GPA (granulomatous with polyangiitis), EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis
antibody, Anti-GBM ... usually low in anti-GBM ... Other tests: • CT ... recent DAN) • EMG/NCS ... seen on chest CT
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
CNS Infection in ... HIV-Associated CNS ... enhancement on CT ... periventricular areas ... effect/Edema • EBV
Uremic frost on the forehead.

Full blown uremic syndrome of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is seldom seen
initiation of renal ... concentration of urea ... yellowish coating of urea ... deposition of urea ... Uremia #clinical #Photo
#ICUCard
RENAL
GFR
90-131
mL/min
((140-age)*Wt)/(72*Cr)
Glomerular Filtration Rate (Cockcroft)
CI Cr
90-131
mL/min
(CrU * volume)/CrS
Creatinine Clearance
FENa
0.0-1.0
%
((U/P Na)/(U/P Cr))*100
Fractional Excretion of Na+
Na req
mEq
(125-Na)*0.6*Wt
Required Sodium
FE Urea
#ICUCard RENAL ... Required Sodium FE Urea ... Fractional Excretion of Urea ... (Na U(U/P Cr) Renal ... Body Surface Area
Uremic Frost in End-Stage Renal Disease- A 39-year-old man with end-stage renal disease presented to the
showed a blood urea ... crystallization of urea ... #NEJM #clinical ... #photo #renal #urology ... uremic #frost #urea
Hyponatremia (<135 mEq/L) is a common electrolyte abnormality caused by an excess of total body water
Rise in blood urea ... hyponatremia in renal ... sodium in the renal ... #Hypovolemia #EBV
Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) - Diagnosis and Management

Pneumonia Signs/Symptoms:
 • Confusion/disorientation (LR + 1.9)
 • Cough
chest pain (LR + NS ... Uremia (blood urea ... radiograph or CT
1
Formation of organic acids
Lactate, dissociated fatty acids, acetic acids, etc.
Metabolism
H formationt
4
Hyperkalemia
ЗНСО,
Na
2
Mineralization
3
Hypoventilation
CO;
POA
3-
HCO;
6
CO, output # with expiration
Diarrhea
5
H*-
Proximal tubule
Renal
Proximal tubule Renal ... w NH, uptake Urea ... consumption ft Cys
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH)

Granulomatous Lesions comprising langerin-positive histiocytes and an inflammatory infiltrate can arise in virtually
SPECTRUM Common areas ... CNS involvement: ... Birbeck granules (EM ... Imaging: X-rays, CT ... PET-CT / MRI: Staging