51 results
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Diabetic Retinopathy ... Hemorrhages • Focal areas ... ischemia causes ... #Retinopathy #Diabetes ... #ophthalmology
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO)
 - Pathophysiology not fully understood; possibly due to thrombus located in
Central Retinal ... Second most common cause ... disease (Most common cause ... : Diabetic retinopathy ... ) #Clinical #Ophthalmology
Vision Loss - Differential Diagnosis
Chronic: 
  - Cornea: Scarring, Edema
  - Lens: Cataracts
degeneration - Retina ... : Diabetic retinopathy ... Lens Dislocation, Retinal ... Differential #Diagnosis #causes ... #ophthalmology
Blurry Vision - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Anatomical Approach to Eye Disease:
1. Lids/Lashes
2. Extraocular Muscles/Motility
3. Conjunctiva/Sclera
4. Cornea
5. Anterior
degeneration • Diabetic ... Concussion Other Causes ... hyperviscosity syndrome, diabetes ... differential #diagnosis #ophthalmology ... #causes
Breast Discharge - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High Prolactin + Normal TSH
 • Microprolactinoma
 • Steroid Hormone Intake
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Intake • Chronic Renal ... Production • Renal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... Endocrinology #Causes
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Defining the cause ... Ureterosigmoidostomy, Diabetic ... differential #diagnosis #algorithm
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polyuria - Urine Output > 3L/day, Increased Urine Volume (>2ml/min)
Osmotic
Causes of Polyuria ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Increased urea ... Recovery from Acute Renal ... #Causes
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
nervefiber layer -> Retinal ... white or yellow areas ... of the terminal retinal ... around atrophic areas ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology
Amblyopia - Lazy Eye - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Deprivational - Obstruction of Visual Axis:
 • Ptosis
 •
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hemangioma • Retinal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Ophthalmology
Cotton Wool Spots

Caused by microinfarcts. Exploded ganglion cell axons extrude their axoplasm into retina. Long DDx:
Wool Spots Caused ... axoplasm into retina ... hypertension, diabetes ... Spots #fundoscopy #ophthalmology