67 results
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome ... nephrotic/nephritic syndromes ... dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... Nephritic #Nephrotic #Syndrome ... Comparison #Algorithm #Nephrology
Purple Urine Bag Syndrome
Chronic, indwelling catheter + bacteriuria (Providencia, Klebsiella, E.coli*) + alkaline urine
Tryptophan → Indoxyl
Purple Urine Bag ... Syndrome Chronic ... E.coli*) + alkaline urine ... #Bag #Syndrome ... pathophysiology #clinical #photo
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
differential, urine ... dipstick, urine ... electrolytes, urea ... Abdominal compartment syndrome ... • Cardio-renal syndrome
Algorithm for Differentiating Gitelman syndrome from Bartter syndrome
 • Urine Chloride
 • Urine Ca/Cr ratio

Dr. Krithika
from Bartter syndrome ... • Urine Chloride ... • Urine Ca/Cr ... #Gitelman #syndrome ... Bartter #Algorithm #nephrology
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
and Nephrotic Syndromes ... Nephritic syndrome—due ... RBC casts in urine ... Nephritic #Nephrotic #Syndromes ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Ammonium Urate Crystals on Urine Microscopy
Very much like a black sea urchin in these particular examples

Dr.
Ammonium Urate Crystals ... on Urine Microscopy ... JoseTesser #Ammonium #urate ... crystalluria #clinical #nephrology ... #urine #microscopy
Urine Microscopy Crystals
Uric Acid crystals:
 - Formation promoted by acidic urine
 - Seen in tumor lysis
Urine Microscopy ... promoted by acidic urine ... in tumor lysis syndrome ... Seen in UTIs by urease-producing ... independent of urine
Causes Abnormal Urine Color - Differential Diagnosis
Turbid White Urine (Albinuria):
 • Chyluria, Filariasis, Schistosomiasis, Malignancy, Phosphaturia,
• Drummond's syndrome ... (blue diaper syndrome ... Bag Syndrome - ... Myoglobinuria, Nutcracker syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
Urine Osmolar Gap Calculation

Urine Osmolar Gap represents ammonium salts = Measured Urine Osmolality - (2 x
Urine Osmolar Gap ... Calculation Urine ... salts = Measured Urine ... Na + 2 x K + Urea ... OsmolarGap #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Pathophysiology of Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS)
Tumor Cell Lysis
-> Release of DNA
 • Purines -> Hypoxanthine /
of Tumor Lysis Syndrome ... Precipitation => • Urate ... Nephropathy (low urine ... nephropathy (high urine ... #TumorLysis #Syndrome