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Cough - Diagnostic Schema

Infectious: URTI, LRTI, Bacterial, Viral
Irritant/Exposure: Allergic, Post-infectious, Pneumonitis, ACEi, PTX, Foreign Body
Airway Disease:
GERD, Dysphagia, CHF ... Autoimmune Vasculitis, ILD ... Dz, Malignant effusion
Pleural effusion is not always visible as a meniscus in the costophrenic angle. 
A subpulmonic effusion
Pleural effusion ... with signs of CHF ... Clinical #Radiology #CXR ... #CHF #Pleural # ... SubpulmonicEffusion #RadiologyAssistant
Causes of Chronic Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pericardial
 • Effusion
 • Cardiac Tamponade*
 • Constriction
Myocardial
 •
Pericardial • Effusion ... Abnormalities • Pleural Effusions ... Interstitium • ILD ... • CHF • Sarcoidosis
Pleural effusion is bilateral in 70% of cases of CHF.
When unilateral, it is slightly more often
Pleural effusion ... 70% of cases of CHF ... Clinical #Radiology #CXR ... #CHF #Pleural # ... #RadiologyAssistant
Here are the most common examples of these four patterns on a chest x-ray (click image
consolidation - Multifocal ill-defined ... Clinical #Radiology #CXR ... Consolidation #Patterns #RadiologyAssistant
On the left another patient with a large cardiac silhouette on the chest x-ray due to
to pericardial effusion ... Pericardial effusion ... Clinical #Radiology #CXR ... #Pericardial #Effusion ... PericardialEffusion #RadiologyAssistant
Low Attenuation pattern 
1. Lymphangiomyomatosis (LAM): uniform cysts in woman of child-bearing age; no history of
adenopathy and pleural effusion ... low attenuation areas ... Comparison #Table #RadiologyAssistant
Acute and Chronic Causes of Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis
Pulmonary/Chest Wall:
 • Acute: Trauma, COPD exacerbation, Asthma
Asthma attack, ILD ... flare, Pleural effusion ... , COPD, CTEPH, ILD ... Tumor, Pleural effusion ... decompensated CHF
Stage I - Redistribution
In a normal chest film with the patient standing erect, the pulmonary vessels
comparison with old ... during a period of CHF ... Clinical #Radiology #CXR ... #CHF #Cephalization ... Redistribution #RadiologyAssistant
Congestive heart failure
The findings are:
 - bilateral perihilar consolidation with air bronchograms and ill-defined borders
 -
bronchograms and ill-defined ... like to look at old ... Clinical #Radiology #CXR ... #CHF #RadiologyAssistant