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diagnosis differential hyponatremia treatment hyperkalemia potassium acute adh aki ebv epilepticus gitelman hematuria hypotonic hypovolemia intercellularshift k kidneyinjury microscopic neurology
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) 1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? Is there a dialysis indication
common culprits: Hypovolemia ... , Low effective ... PROBLEM ~80% of AKI cases ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... for WBCs, RBCs, casts
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... suggests extra-renal ... differential #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation) GI loss - Urine loss
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... isolation) GI loss - Urine ... aldosterone • Renal ... #Nephrology #Differential
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... normal volume-based algorithm ... Urine Na+K / serum ... Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... #nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Reduced Excretion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Reduced flow through distal nephron - TTKG
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... nephron - TTKG > 7, Urine ... Creatinine • Chronic renal ... IntercellularShift #Nephrology ... #Causes
Hyponatremia (<135 mEq/L) is a common electrolyte abnormality caused by an excess of total body water
lower than 80% in cases ... hyponatremia in renal ... in the renal tubules ... Measured urine sodium ... hyponatremia #ADH #RAAS #Hypovolemia
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
Framework and Management ... Summary Causes ... Weakness - Dark urine ... Cast formation: ... #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes - OnePager Summary Autoimmune ANCA vasculitis (AAV): GPA (granulomatous with polyangiitis), EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis
polyangiitis), MPA (microscopic ... : UA, Urine protein ... Goodpasture's cause ... hematuria, RBC casts ... differential #diagnosis #management
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
lysis) ± Urine ... 15 suggests ↓ renal ... only if no clear cause ... acidosis) • Low ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
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