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diagnosis hypokalemia hypotonic alkalosis chloride floppy gitelman hypernatremia hypomagnesemia hyponatremia management metabolic newborn pathophysiology pediatrics physiologic syndrome table urinary
Approach to Hypomagnesemia Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
= (urine magnesium ... #differential # ... diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #magnesium ... #low
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
(K) & magnesium( ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... #differential # ... potassium #nephrology ... #low
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L High
- Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... water loss, Serum Sodium ... mannitol, glucosuria Low ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology
Causes of Hypotonic Infant (Floppy Newborn) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Central Nervous System - Decreased LOC, Axial
Causes of Hypotonic ... Infant (Floppy ... System - Decreased LOC ... Botulism • Magnesium ... #Causes #Peds #
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... the indicated causes ... and potassium acid ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation) GI loss - Urine loss
- Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... isolation) GI loss - Urine ... Gittelman's syndrome • Magnesium ... #Hypokalemia #Nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... normal volume-based algorithm ... Urine Na+K / serum ... #Hyponatremia #differential ... #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
Muscle weakness, dizziness ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... • Magnesium
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. ***Typical presentations: • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm ... Na/Cl > 1.6, low ... correcting serum potassium ... hypokalemia #diagnosis #differential ... #algorithm #nephrology
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