15 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... the indicated causes ... and potassium acid ... #urine #Algorithm ... #nephrology #differential
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... #nephrology #low
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... (late) • High Urine ... Bartter Syndrome, Gitelman ... #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... (late) • High Urine ... Bartter Syndrome, Gitelman ... #Nephrology #Causes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Low intake • Metabolic ... secreting tumor, Primary ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... starts by measuring urinary ... Bartter's syndrome, Gitelman's ... #causes #nephrology ... #potassium
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Causes of Metabolic ... Hypomagnesemia • Barrter's/Gitelman's ... MetabolicAlkalosis #NonGap ... #Nephrology #Differential ... #Causes
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... Hypochloremic metabolic ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... > 20 meq/L • Primary ... furosemide-like lesion) • Gitelman ... other • Severe potassium ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... High Al, Low R - Primary ... Bartter's syndrome, Gitelman's ... #nephrology #causes ... #low #potassium