7 results
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... normal volume-based algorithm ... Urine Na+K / serum ... diuresis can be high ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
water loss, Serum Sodium ... >145 mmol/L High ... 300 mmol/kg • Hypertonic ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology ... #Causes
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... • Normal/low blood ... the indicated causes ... and potassium acid ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... urinary losses: • High ... Blood Pressure: ... #nephrology #low
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
130 mEq/L • Potassium ... AKI: - Tubuloglomerular ... densa receives high ... Decreased GFR, urine ... • Saline May Cause
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
 • Cellular Shift:
   - Exercise
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... distal tubule sodium ... depletion, - AKI ... hyperkalemia: Blood ... #potassium #high
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
, or blood) ... causes (esp. ... • Urine sodium ... Prognosis: • High ... Syndrome #Hepatology #Nephrology