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diagnosis differential hyperkalemia hypokalemia kidney pediatrics treatment workup acute alkalosis chloride comparison effects epilepticus gitelman hematuria high hyponatremia hypotonic injury
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
and Diagnosis Algorithm ... → Evaluate for nephrolithiasis ... → Refer to Nephrology ... if cause not identified ... Workup #urology #blood
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Workup Algorithm ... Investigations: full blood ... osmolarity If cause ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Management of Pediatric Kidney Stones Acute Managment: • Pain relief: NSAIDs, opioids • Facilitating passage of stone:
Management of Pediatric ... Kidney Stones Acute Managment ... protein - Low sodium ... #Pediatrics #nephrology ... #nephrolithiasis
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... treated with IV potassium ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... #nephrology #low
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... • Normal/low blood ... the indicated causes ... and potassium acid ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison Composition of LR: • Sodium 130 mEq/L •
130 mEq/L • Potassium ... shift • Saline Causes ... AKI: - Tubuloglomerular ... Decreased GFR, urine ... • Saline May Cause
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... normal volume-based algorithm ... Urine Na+K / serum ... : SIADH, Renal Sodium ... #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
Framework and Management ... Summary Causes ... UA positive for blood ... Monitor potassium ... #nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework • Cellular Shift: - Exercise
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... distal tubule sodium ... depletion, - AKI ... hyperkalemia: Blood ... #potassium #high
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... Normal or low blood ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology
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