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diagnosis differential management causes hypokalemia hyperkalemia rhabdomyolysis cardiology chf clinical comparison criticalcare effects foamed gitelman heartfailure hyponatremia hypotonic icu intercellularshift
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... Urine Na+K / serum ... can be high or low ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... suggests extra-renal ... • Diarrhea A urine ... #nephrology #low
Hypokalemia Diagnostic Algorithm To assess potassium excretion: perform 24-hour urine collection or alternatively obtain potassium-to-creatinine ratio on
perform 24-hour urine ... ratio on a spot urine ... values suggest renal ... #TTKG #nephrology ... #low #potassium
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
Weakness - Dark urine ... + myoglobin AKI ... hour with goal urine ... Monitor potassium ... #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary Trauma: • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury Exertional: •
Dermatomyositis) AKI ... oxidative iniury Treatment ... hour with goal urine ... Monitor potassium ... per day until stable
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Reduced Excretion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Reduced flow through distal nephron - TTKG
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... nephron - TTKG > 7, Urine ... Creatinine • Chronic renal ... failure • AKI ... IntercellularShift #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
, RTA Type IV, AI ... lysis) ± Urine ... Elimination (see Table ... acidosis) • Low ... #potassium #nephrology
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison Composition of LR: • Sodium 130 mEq/L •
130 mEq/L • Potassium ... Saline Causes AKI ... blood flow and ... Decreased GFR, urine ... NS #comparison #pharmacology
It is important to recognize Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) as more than just simply a
mental status and low ... urine output. ... #differential #algorithm ... #table #foamed ... icu #clinical #pharmacology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
alkalosis • Normal or low ... potassium wasting ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... Rhabdomyolysis Treatment ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology
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