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diagnosis differential management causes hypokalemia alkalosis low chloride criticalcare foamed gitelman hyperkalemia hypernatremia hyponatremia k pathophysiology rhabdomyolysis urinary
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... , Gitelman syndrome ... sodium is typically ... and potassium acid ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Low intake • Metabolic ... acidosis: Gl tract ... acidosis: Proximal ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... acidosis: Proximal ... #nephrology #low
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis Workup ... Algorithm 1) ... Check Urine Osmolality ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... volume contracted: urine ... chronic respiratory acidosis ... other • Severe potassium ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... Renal tubular acidosis ... Rhabdomyolysis Treatment ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
Heat stroke - Metabolic ... Weakness - Dark urine ... hour with goal urine ... Monitor potassium ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Redistribution: Acidosis ... reabsorption) Workup ... lysis) ± Urine ... hyperchloremic acidosis ... #potassium #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
3 questions to work ... Measure urine osmolality ... demyelination syndrome ... #management #nephrology ... #sodium
There are similarities and differences between these 3 conditions which all carry treatment implications. Each mimic
hormones that work ... The metabolism of ... for Refeeding Syndrome ... provided the starting potassium ... #differential #algorithm
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