9 results
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
mimics, repeat testing ... • Evidence of glomerular ... → Refer to Nephrology ... and referral to Urology ... if cause not identified
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Causes of Proteinuria ... present on repeat testing ... • Drugs Glomerular ... Minimal change disease ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
or dipstick) Glomerular ... of Glomerular Bleeding ... basement membrane disease ... disease Renal ... #urology #nephrology
Recommended initial testing for patients being evaluated for glomerular disease
1) 24-hour urine collection - Quantify proteinuria.
Recommended initial ... infections are common causes ... of glomerular disease ... #glomerular #disease ... #testing #nephrology
Recommended initial testing for patients being evaluated for glomerular disease 

24-hour urine collection - Quantify proteinuria.
Recommended initial ... disease 24- ... infections are common causes ... of glomerular disease ... nephrotic #nephritic #nephrology
Characteristics of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
 • Onset: Sudden
 • Intensity: Severe initially, often decreasing
Intensity: Severe initially ... continuous and lasting ... tinnitus (Méniére's disease ... with vascular causes ... symptoms #comparison #neurology
Causes of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - Short-lived (typically less
Causes of Peripheral ... infection precedes initial ... Méniére's disease ... Disease onset usually ... differential #diagnosis #neurology
Stiff Person Syndrome (SPS) - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Epidemiology:
 • Prevalence: 1-2 cases per million -
Prevalence: 1-2 cases ... disorders • Testing ... Treatment: • Initial ... • Resistant to Initial ... Management #treatment #neurology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Shock, Autoimmune disease ... thrombosis Testing ... the underlying cause ... 25% BP reduction initially ... diagnosis #management #neurology