15 results
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
• 1ml blood/liter ... clots ➔ Lower Urinary ... Upper and Lower urinary ... #causes #urology ... #urine #blood
Rouleaux in urine sediment - Urine Microscopy
Rouleaux in urine sediment. As the finding in the blood
Microscopy Rouleaux ... the blood smears ... , it is caused by ... #sediment #Microscopy ... #clinical #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
and Differential Diagnosis ... Investigations: full blood ... microscopy / urinary ... osmolarity If cause ... #nephrology #causes
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... and concentrated urine ... disease Red blood ... Glomerulonephritis White blood ... #Microscopy #Diagnosis
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... also be seen if urine ... - Diagnostic of ... #key #diagnosis ... #nephrology #casts
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
circulating volume, Urinary ... are caused by prerenal ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... you confirmed diagnosis ... Assess UA w/ microscopy
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... mEq/g suggests urinary ... losses: • High Blood ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis
Guide to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

What to ask/look for: 
 - HPI, PMH, full ROS
- Urinalysis/microscopy ... UOP/weights - Urine ... rhabdo/TLS) Causes ... pre-renal) - Urinary ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Mixed Urinary Incontinence: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Urgency Urinary Incontinence (UUI) -> Urinary leakage preceded by a
during bladder filling ... pushing urine from ... SUI or UUI not caused ... Signs #Symptoms #Urology ... #Diagnosis
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... : Differential Diagnosis ... > 20 meq/L • Primary ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Causes #nephrology