11 results
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
require urgent nephrology ... cases are caused ... isotonic fluids (NS ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... for WBCs, RBCs, casts
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
RBC casts in urine ... but in severe cases ... may be in nephrotic ... May be 10 (eg direct ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... suggestive of nephrotic sydnrome ... colored compounds (e.g ... #Urine #Microscopy ... #nephrology #interpretation
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
Diagnosis- Compatible syndrome ... + MRI lesions + ... RingEnhancing #Lesions #Brain ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #radiology #neurology
BEE Syndromes - Non-inflammatory Causes

Immune-mediated conditions affecting the Brain, Eye, and Ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in
BEE Syndromes - ... affecting the Brain ... nervous system (CNS ... neuropathy (LHON) plus MRI ... #Syndromes #neurology
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes - OnePager Summary
Autoimmune ANCA vasculitis (AAV): GPA (granulomatous with polyangiitis), EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis
EGPA) • Renal: (AKI ... : UA, Urine protein ... recent DAN) • EMG ... Goodpasture's cause ... hematuria, RBC casts
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
: • 1400 new cases ... • 75-90% of cases ... that results in CNS ... Abnormal in 50% of cases ... out • Brain MRI
Orbital Apex Syndrome secondary to Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus (HZO)

This 81 yo male was referred to our
other potential causes ... The MRI findings ... acyclovir 10mg/kg ... condition can be ... steroids (some cases
Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)
Acute autoimmune demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness
Epidemiology:
 • Incidence: 1
Guillain-Barré Syndrome ... Incidence: 1 to 2 cases ... Immune response can be ... - Spinal MRI may ... Guillain #Barre #Syndrome
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
, RTA Type IV, AI ... lysis) ± Urine ... only if no clear cause ... Bicarb<22) - avoid NS ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology