22 results
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
of renal disease ... test (with 24-h urine ... CT or MRI scan of ... • Cushing’s syndrome ... Mineralocorticoid excess syndromes
Causes of Sudden Cardiac Arrest
Primary Myocardial Processes (> 90%):
 • Acquired structural heart disease: CAD, Most
Causes of Sudden ... Cardiac Arrest Primary ... ventricular dysplasia Primary ... Cardiac #Arrest #cardiology ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
basement membrane disease ... - Alport syndrome ... pain hematuria syndrome ... of glomerular disease ... #urology #nephrology
Possible Causes of Altered Urine Color 

Red 
    Foods: beets, blackberries, rhubarb
Possible Causes ... of Altered Urine ... hepatobiliary diseases ... #Colored #Discoloration ... Differential #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy - Diagnosis and Causes
Clinical: Dyspnea, Exercise Intolerance, ↑ "Right Sided-Symptoms" (ascites, hepatomegaly, ↑↑peripheral edema)
Physical
Diagnosis and Causes ... Echocardiography, Cardiac MRI ... Sarcoidosis, Primary ... Hyper-eosinophilc Syndrome ... #differential #cardiology
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
Causes of Primary ... ) Causes of primary ... , Ehler-Danlos syndrome ... #Primary #Functional ... Differential #Diagnosis #Cardiology
Causes Abnormal Urine Color - Differential Diagnosis
Turbid White Urine (Albinuria):
 • Chyluria, Filariasis, Schistosomiasis, Malignancy, Phosphaturia,
Causes Abnormal ... • Hartnup disease ... UTI caused by (Proteus ... #Color #discoloration ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
Diagnosis- Compatible syndrome ... + MRI lesions + ... lymphoproliferative disease ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #radiology #neurology
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... Disease Associations ... and concentrated urine ... Advanced kidney disease ... Fatty - Nephrotic syndrome
Causes of Pericardial Effusion - Differential Diagnosis
Infectious:
 • Viral: Enterovirus, Herpesvirus, Adenovirus, Parvovirus
 • Bacterial: Mycobacterium
Causes of Pericardial ... : EGPA, Horton Disease ... , Takayasu Disease ... • Malignant - Primary ... #cardiology