14 results
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine Output > 3L /day
Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg)
 • Primary
Polyuria - Differential ... • Nephrogenic Diabetes ... Relief of prolonged urinary ... Partial Dl • Chronic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Increased Urination - Differential Diagnosis Framework - Increased Volume / Frequency
 • Increased osmotic load (Increased
Increased Urination - Differential ... osm): Diabetes ... urea, mannitol), Chronic ... Isosthenuria): Chronic ... tract infection
Increased Urinary Frequency - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Non-increased urine volume (<2mL/min), Rule out polyuria
Extrinsic to Urinary Tract:
Frequency - Differential ... Non-increased urine ... Tract Infection ... Overactive Bladder • Diabetes ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Pediatric Vomiting - Gastrointestinal and Systemic Causes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hepatobiliary:
 • Acute Hepatitis
 • Acute
Gastrointestinal and Systemic Causes ... - Differential ... Gastrointestinal - Chronic ... Pregnancy • Diabetes ... Food Allergy • Urinary
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
Hyperuricemia - Differential ... (AML) • Chronic ... Hyperparathyroidism • Diabetic ... Renal • Chronic ... endocrinology #causes
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary ... metabolic acidosis • Chronic ... metabolic acidosis • Diabetic ... the indicated causes ... Algorithm #nephrology #differential
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... exercise or with diuretic ... and concentrated urine ... tract infections ... #Casts #Differential
Emphysematous Cystitis
Epidemiology:
 • Usually middle-aged diabetic women
 • Other RF: neurogenic bladder, urinary tract outlet obstruction,
Usually middle-aged diabetic ... outlet obstruction, chronic ... present or signs of infection ... present • UA and Urine ... also important Management
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... Alkalosis: Differential ... acute reversal of chronic ... > 20 meq/L • Primary ... #Diagnosis #Causes
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
irrigation • Management ... • Nephrogenic diabetes ... Kidney stones caused ... Lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes ... Acute myocardial infarction