40 results
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
• 1ml blood/liter ... or dipstick) Glomerular ... of Glomerular Bleeding ... #urology #nephrology ... blood
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
• Evidence of glomerular ... → Refer to Nephrology ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology ... if cause not identified ... Workup #urology #blood
Congestive Heart Failure - Causes, Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis
 • Dilated Cardiomyopathy 
 • Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Heart Failure - Causes ... , Pathophysiology ... #Congestive #HeartFailure ... #Causes #Pathophysiology ... Differential #Diagnosis #cardiology
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Causes of Proteinuria ... Proteinuria (Negative urine ... • Drugs Glomerular ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... red - cells Non-glomerular ... also be seen if urine ... Diagnostic of glomerular ... key #diagnosis #nephrology
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
the patient have glomerular ... hematuria (RBC casts ... dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... Comparison #Algorithm #Nephrology
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
Glomerular Diseases ... RBC casts in urine ... but in severe cases ... diabetes)) #Glomerular ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
Causes of Hematuria ... Algorithm Red blood ... cells on urine ... • Calculi Glomerular ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
essential for blood ... inversely related to glomerular ... rate by tubulo-glomerular ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride
Flowchart to diuretic use in acute heart failure.

(A) Congestion with volume overload. 

(B) Treatment algorithm after
BP, blood pressure ... ultrafiltration; UO, urine ... patients with reduced glomerular ... Algorithm #Congestive #HeartFailure ... #Cardiology #Management