9 results
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... suggests extra-renal ... causes • Laxative ... RTA, Distal RTA, DKA ... #diagnosis #Algorithm
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
To prevent hypokalemia ... patient has good renal ... function/urine ... thus, the body produces ... • Abdominal pain
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
- Differential Diagnosis ... Management Summary Causes ... Weakness - Dark urine ... - Abdominal pain ... UA positive for blood
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
Saline (NS) - Comparison ... Is Dangerous in Hyperkalemia ... Decreased GFR, urine ... • Saline May Cause ... #pharmacology #
Blood Product Transfusions One Pager Summary
Type and screen - determines blood type and detects in recipient
Blood Product Transfusions ... : Fever, flank pain ... , dark urine, DIC ... , hypoTN, renal ... Blood products contain
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... ↓insulin (DM, DKA ... lysis) ± Urine ... only if no clear cause ... Elimination (see Table
Blood Transfusion Reactions

Immune Mediated:
 • Febrile Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (FNHTR): Most common immune reaction to transfusion.
: Fever, flank pain ... , dark urine, DIC ... , hypoTN, renal ... Blood products contain ... #diagnosis #management
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis ... activated macrophages produce ... hyperphosphatemia, hypercalcemia ... , and possibly renal ... symptoms are not caused
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Kidney stones caused ... Prevention of blood ... #Medications #Table