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differential management causes algorithm hypokalemia metabolic acidosis albuminuria aspirin chloride ckd cushings elevation endocrinology erythematosus gitelman grades hypercortisolism hyperkalemia k
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L • Gastric alkalosis:
: Differential Diagnosis ... (11-ß HSD type ... other • Severe potassium ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Causes #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... of sodium and potassium ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... #nephrology #low
Salicylate Toxicity - Diagnosis and Management Consider if: 1) Patient is hot and altered 2) You see tachypnea with
ingestion/exposure Symptoms ... Acidosis, Respiratory Alkalosis ... High Lactate, Low Potassium ... Resuscitation 2) Urine ... #management #Treatment
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
- Differential Diagnosis ... : • Triad of symptoms ... • Other symptoms ... Monitor potassium ... #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
Hypokalemia (renal potassium ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... Rhabdomyolysis Treatment ... Supplement: • Potassium ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Albuminuria (Grades) and Risk for CKD Normal to mildly increased albuminuria: - Albumin excretion rate: < 30
proteinuria: - Urine ... defined as nephrotic syndrome ... Macroalbuminuria is a type ... #CKD #nephrology ... #diagnosis #proteinuria
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
excretion (e.g., urine ... perfusion - shock->treatments ... before beginning treatment ... - Compartment syndrome ... #typeb #classification
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... Aldosterone, RTA Type ... lysis) ± Urine ... #Hyperkalemia #Diagnosis ... #potassium #nephrology
Cushing's Syndrome - Hypercortisolism - Diagnosis and Clinical Features 1) Skin • Thin, easily bruisable skin with
Cushing's Syndrome ... dehydrogenase type ... hypernatremia, metabolic alkalosis ... ↑ 24-hour urine ... #signs #symptoms
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