14 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
- Differential Diagnosis ... Mineralocorticoid excess - Renal ... tubular acidosis ... #Low #Potassium ... #Table #Classification
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis ... - Differential Diagnosis ... - RenalUrine ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Workup #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... suggests extra-renal ... - Metabolic acidosis ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... #nephrology #low
Causes of Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Anion Gap (<14) (Loss of Bicarbonate) -
Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis ... Loss (Negative urine ... Diarrhea • Fistula Renal ... Cell Problem - Low ... MetabolicAcidosis #NonGap #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... Hyperkalemia: • CKD ... - Metabolic acidosis ... Failure • SLE • Type ... #high #nephrology
Albuminuria (Grades) and Risk for CKD
Normal to mildly increased albuminuria:
 - Albumin excretion rate: < 30
associated with worse renal ... proteinuria: - Urine ... Macroalbuminuria is a type ... #CKD #nephrology ... #diagnosis #proteinuria
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... Hyperkalemia: • CKD ... - Metabolic acidosis ... Failure • SLE • Type ... #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Aldosterone, RTA Type ... ) ± Urine ... Elimination (see Table ... Management #Treatment #potassium ... #nephrology #K
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
: Differential Diagnosis ... chronic respiratory acidosis ... syndrome (11-ß HSD type ... other • Severe potassium ... #Causes #nephrology
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
- Differential Diagnosis ... excretion (e.g., urine ... LV failure - Low ... deficiency - Renal ... #typeb #classification