12 results
Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) 
Type 1 - Failure of secretion
Type 2 - Bicarbonate wasting
Type 4 -
Renal Tubular Acidosis ... (RTA) Type 1 ... proximal features and high ... #RTA #types #classification ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
- Differential Diagnosis ... (RTA): Type ... high/normal 3 ... - Diarrhea - High ... #Workup #nephrology
Hyperkalemic Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) Type 4 - 

Failure to acidify urine in collecting duct
(RTA) Type 4 - ... Failure to acidify urine ... mechanistically to K ... #Hyperkalemic #Diagnosis ... #Management #Nephrology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Urine K+ <13 mEq ... • Proximal RTA ... • Distal RTA ... #algorithm #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... urinary losses: • High ... - Metabolic acidosis ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... #nephrology #low
Causes of Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Anion Gap (<14) (Loss of Bicarbonate) -
Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Loss (Negative urine ... TTKG • RTA Type ... MetabolicAcidosis #NonGap #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... - Metabolic acidosis ... Failure • SLE • Type ... IV RTA • Renal ... #high #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Proximal RTA (type ... Potassium-sparing ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... - Metabolic acidosis ... Failure • SLE • Type ... IV RTA • Renal ... #high #nephrology
Salicylate Toxicity - Diagnosis and Management

Consider if:
1) Patient is hot and altered
2) You see tachypnea with
ingestion/exposure Symptoms ... Respiratory Alkalosis, High ... Lactate, Low Potassium ... Resuscitation 2) Urine ... 4.5 mmol/L 4) K