13 results
Kidney stone type, corresponding urine sediment, urinary risk factors, and associated clinical settings.
#Diagnosis #Nephrology #Urine #Microscopy
Kidney stone type ... corresponding urine ... sediment, urinary ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology ... Composition #Shapes #Table
Types of Chronic Urinary Incontinence

Type, Prevalence, Pathophysiology and Symptoms:
 - Stress
 - Urge
 - Mixed
 -
Types of Chronic ... Type, Prevalence ... Pathophysiology and Symptoms ... Functional #Diagnosis ... #Table #Stress
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
- Differential Diagnosis ... pH Calculate Urinary ... Surgical drains - Chronic ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Workup #nephrology
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus

Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus:
 - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
Classification of ... Treatment is aimed ... Diabetes #Insipidus #Classification ... #Types #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential
Emphysematous Cystitis
Epidemiology:
 • Usually middle-aged diabetic women
 • Other RF: neurogenic bladder, urinary tract outlet obstruction,
outlet obstruction, chronic ... Clinical Signs/Symptoms ... is needed for diagnosis ... present • UA and Urine ... data • Early treatment
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
: Differential Diagnosis ... acute reversal of chronic ... > 20 meq/L • Primary ... syndrome (11-ß HSD type ... #Causes #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
- Differential Diagnosis ... : • Triad of symptoms ... Weakness - Dark urine ... • Other symptoms ... #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... insipidus • Primary ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Medications #Table
Photophobia and Headache - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Why?
• The coexistence of photophobia and headache suggests the potential
- Differential Diagnosis ... Primary headaches ... without aura - Chronic ... miosis • Tension-type ... - Autonomic symptoms
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... Aldosterone, RTA Type ... lysis) ± Urine ... Elimination (see Table ... #potassium #nephrology