24 results
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
Compatible syndrome + MRI ... • Nocardia • Parasitic ... RingEnhancing #Lesions #Brain ... #differential # ... diagnosis #causes
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
Hypertension - Differential ... Diagnosis and Screening ... disease - Renal ultrasound ... test (with 24-h urine ... #Diagnosis #Causes
Lung Abscess - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Lung Abscess Etiology:
 • Necrosis of lung parenchyma by a
• Most common cause ... Lung Abscess Pathophysiology ... Lung Abscess - Clinical ... Coccidioides • Parasite ... #causes #management
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)
Pathophysiology: Triggering factor (infection,...)→Activation of CD8 T cells (IFN-y) → Excessive activation of macrophages
Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) Pathophysiology ... →Activation of CD8 ... accumulation of clinical ... Assessment • Clinical ... salmonella, ...), Parasites
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
HIV dementia Pathophysiology ... similar to PML, but MRI ... Diagnosis: MRI ... Clinical Presentation ... : The clinical
Pott's Disease in Tuberculosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
 - Typically from TB endemic areas
 -
extrapulmonary cases ... Clinical Signs ... decreased reflexes Pathophysiology ... : - MRI is modality ... intervention CMC
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
monophasic Pathophysiology ... Transverse Myelitis - Clinical ... • Infectious causes ... brain and/or optic ... management #neurology #differential
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
in HIV / AIDS - Differential ... should be based on clinical ... Imaging: - MRI ... Demyelinating disease caused ... CNS #Infections #differential
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
parietal lobes of the brain ... Etiology: • Pathophysiology ... Reversible course Differential ... the underlying cause ... with AEDs until cause
Emphysematous Cystitis
Epidemiology:
 • Usually middle-aged diabetic women
 • Other RF: neurogenic bladder, urinary tract outlet obstruction,
immune compromise Clinical ... Pathophysiology: ... KUB or abdominal ultrasound ... present • UA and Urine ... pyelonephritis CMC