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diagnosis nephrology differential management treatment chloride cushings endocrinology hypercortisolism hypernatremia hypotonic lazy low metabolic physiologic signs symptoms syndrome table volume
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses •
Based Approach to Hyponatremia ... uric acid <4 • SIADH ... Glucocorticoid deficiency, Primary ... #algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #low #nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... water loss, Serum Sodium ... 145 mmol/L High Urine ... diuresis (see Polyuria ... #Causes
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemic - Give volume Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... treat underlying cause ... , SSRIs) - SIADH ... diagnosis #nephrology #sodium
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... normal volume-based algorithm ... Urine Na+K / serum ... , Renal Sodium loss ... water intake (Primary
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
- Urinary Chloride ... Algorithm Cl- ... the indicated causes ... #Urinary #Chloride ... #urine #Algorithm
A lazy man's classification of hyponatremia There are two possible approaches to the diagnosis of hyponatremia: .
serum osmolality, urine ... osmolality and urinary ... sodium). ... the patient has SIADH ... #Algorithm #Differential
Management of SIADH Treat underlying cause: • Causes can include pain, primary lung pathology, post-operative phenomenon, medications,
Management of SIADH ... include pain, primary ... promoting passive sodium ... Saline: • If Urine ... #Management #hyponatremia
SIADH Treatment Options 1. Treat underlying cause of SIADH: Pain, Primary lung pathology, Post-operative phenomenon, Medications, Basically
Treat underlying cause ... Primary lung pathology ... promoting passive sodium ... 0.9% NS • If Urine ... #Management #hyponatremia
Cushing's Syndrome - Hypercortisolism - Diagnosis and Clinical Features 1) Skin • Thin, easily bruisable skin with
, oral cavity) Caused ... hyperglycemia —+ mild polyuria ... is decreased), hypernatremia ... , metabolic alkalosis ... ↑ 24-hour urine
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