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management diagnosis differential nephrology hypernatremia cardiology chf foamed heartfailure table causes clinical congestive diuresis hyperkalemia hypertonic hypotonic icu k pharmacology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis Workup ... Algorithm 1) ... Check Urine Osmolality ... • Hypovolemic: Diuretics ... #sodium
Hypertonic Saline for Treatment of Hyponatremic Encephalopathy 1) 100 ml bolus of 3% NaCl over 10 min.
for Treatment of ... Hyponatremic Encephalopathy ... Increase in sodium ... L. 5) Monitor urine ... of a free water diuresis
Flowchart to diuretic use in acute heart failure. (A) Congestion with volume overload. (B) Treatment algorithm after
use in acute heart ... (B) Treatment algorithm ... intravenous; SGLT2‐I, sodium–glucose ... ultrafiltration; UO, urine ... #CHF #Algorithm
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L High
water loss, Serum Sodium ... 145 mmol/L High Urine ... • Hypertonic saline ... administration • Osmotic diuresis ... glucosuria Low Urine
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... Urine Na+K / serum ... volume restriction alone ... in SIADH RAAS ... : SIADH, Renal Sodium
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
In the vast majority ... 3 questions to work ... Measure urine osmolality ... syndrome. 3% saline ... management #nephrology #sodium
Management of Hyponatremia Hypertonic Saline - Only indicated if patient has severe symptoms + Na < 125 Give
Management of Hyponatremia ... Add Diuretics, Consider ... not improving in ... #Management #algorithm ... #treatment #sodium
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis and Treatment Hypernatremia is almost always due to unreplaced water loss (free water
osm (in DI; high ... dilute urine output ... unavailable 2) Osmotic Diuresis ... hyper/isotonic saline ... management #nephrology #sodium
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
reabsorption) Workup ... lysis) ± Urine ... Redistribution Treatments ... K+ for cations in ... tid) - caution in
Management of SIADH Treat underlying cause: • Causes can include pain, primary lung pathology, post-operative phenomenon, medications,
promoting passive sodium ... colon 0.9% Normal Saline ... : • If Urine osmolality ... SIADH #Management #hyponatremia ... #nephrology #treatment
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