10 results
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... water loss, Serum Sodium ... 300 mmol/kg • Hypertonic ... saline administration ... #Causes
Hypertonic Saline for Treatment of Hyponatremic Encephalopathy
1) 100 ml bolus of 3% NaCl over 10 min.
Hypertonic Saline ... for Treatment of ... Hyponatremic Encephalopathy ... L. 5) Monitor urine ... #Hypertonic #Saline
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
usually caused by ... 1) Is it hypotonic ... Measure urine osmolality ... syndrome. 3% saline ... management #nephrology #sodium
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Algorithm Isotonic ... , Recent TURP Hypotonic ... Alcohol MH/CCF ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #sodium
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... of hypotonic hyponatremia ... normal volume-based algorithm ... Urine Na+K / serum ... volume restriction alone
Management of Hyponatremia
Hypertonic Saline - Only indicated if patient has severe symptoms + Na < 125
Give
Management of Hyponatremia ... Hypertonic Saline ... SIADH — look for cause ... #Management #algorithm ... #treatment #sodium
Flowchart to diuretic use in acute heart failure.

(A) Congestion with volume overload. 

(B) Treatment algorithm after
(B) Treatment algorithm ... intravenous; SGLT2‐I, sodium–glucose ... ultrafiltration; UO, urine ... Diuretic #Diuresis #CHF ... #HeartFailure #
Management of SIADH
Treat underlying cause:
 • Causes can include pain, primary lung pathology, post-operative phenomenon, medications,
promoting passive sodium ... colon 0.9% Normal Saline ... : • If Urine osmolality ... SIADH #Management #hyponatremia ... #nephrology #treatment
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Weakness, cramping, nausea ... Na delivery): CHF ... lysis) ± Urine ... only if no clear cause ... Use gtt, NOT hypertonic
It is important to recognize Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) as more than just simply a
status and low urine ... the determined cause ... #differential #algorithm ... table #foamed #heartfailure ... #chf #criticalcare