13 results
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... Urine Na+K / serum ... volume restriction alone ... can be high or low ... : Hypovolemia, Hypervolemia
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
water loss, Serum Sodium ... 300 mmol/kg • Hypertonic ... saline administration ... mannitol, glucosuria Low ... Urine Osmolality
Hypertonic Saline for Treatment of Hyponatremic Encephalopathy
1) 100 ml bolus of 3% NaCl over 10 min.
Hypertonic Saline ... for Treatment of ... Hyponatremic Encephalopathy ... L. 5) Monitor urine ... #Hypertonic #Saline
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Algorithm Isotonic ... , Recent TURP Hypotonic ... polydipsia • Hypervolemia ... causes #nephrology #sodium ... #low
Hyponatremia with Severe Symptoms - Management Algorithm with Hypertonic Saline
The goal of acute management is to
Hyponatremia with ... with Hypertonic ... Saline The goal ... probably not the low ... #treatment #Hypertonic
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Algorithm for patients ... with hypokalemia ... Urine K+ <13 mEq ... anion effect: ... #differential #algorithm
Management of Hyponatremia
Hypertonic Saline - Only indicated if patient has severe symptoms + Na < 125
Give
Management of Hyponatremia ... Hypertonic Saline ... Cirrhosis - Correct K ... #Management #algorithm ... #treatment #sodium
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
trial • Minimal K ... - Protective effects ... Is Dangerous in Hyperkalemia ... Decreased GFR, urine ... #pharmacology #effects
Emergent Hyperkalemia Treatment Algorithm
ECG changes, weakness, K+ >6.5 Or renal insufficiency with K >5.5 with cellular
Emergent Hyperkalemia ... Treatment Algorithm ... insulin Side effect ... nebulized • Sodium ... #Treatment #Algorithm
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
, Saline infusion ... lysis) ± Urine ... acidosis) • Low ... Use gtt, NOT hypertonic ... Slow - don’t delay