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nephrology diagnosis differential management causes comparison hypernatremia k lr normal pharmacology physiologic potassium ringers siadh table
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison Composition of LR: • Sodium 130 mEq/L •
/L of sodium lactate ... - Protective effects ... Is Dangerous in Hyperkalemia ... Decreased GFR, urine ... #pharmacology #effects
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... Urine Na+K / serum ... volume restriction alone ... can be high or low ... : Hypovolemia, Hypervolemia
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L High
water loss, Serum Sodium ... 300 mmol/kg • Hypertonic ... saline administration ... mannitol, glucosuria Low ... Urine Osmolality
Management of SIADH Treat underlying cause: • Causes can include pain, primary lung pathology, post-operative phenomenon, medications,
promoting passive sodium ... colon 0.9% Normal Saline ... : • If Urine osmolality ... bolus of 0.9% NS ... Has many side effects
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
lysis) ± Urine ... Bicarb<22) - avoid NS ... acidosis) • Low ... Use gtt, NOT hypertonic ... Slow - don’t delay
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