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nephrology management diagnosis differential causes comparison hypernatremia hypertonic k lactated lr normal pharmacology physiologic potassium ringers siadh table
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L High
water loss, Serum Sodium ... 300 mmol/kg • Hypertonic ... saline administration ... mannitol, glucosuria Low ... ICU patients • Fever
Hyponatremia with Severe Symptoms - Management Algorithm with Hypertonic Saline The goal of acute management is to
Hyponatremia with ... Severe Symptoms ... probably not the low ... #Algorithm #treatment ... #Hypertonic #Saline
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... Urine Na+K / serum ... volume restriction alone ... can be high or low ... : Hypovolemia, Hypervolemia
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison Composition of LR: • Sodium 130 mEq/L •
- Protective effects ... Is Dangerous in Hyperkalemia ... decreased renal blood flow ... Decreased GFR, urine ... #pharmacology #effects
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
1) Is it hypotonic ... Measure urine osmolality ... syndrome. 3% saline ... Other options for severe ... management #nephrology #sodium
Management of Hyponatremia Hypertonic Saline - Only indicated if patient has severe symptoms + Na < 125 Give
Management of Hyponatremia ... Hypertonic Saline ... if patient has severe ... #Management #algorithm ... #treatment #sodium
Management of SIADH Treat underlying cause: • Causes can include pain, primary lung pathology, post-operative phenomenon, medications,
promoting passive sodium ... colon 0.9% Normal Saline ... : • If Urine osmolality ... bolus of 0.9% NS ... Has many side effects
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
lysis) ± Urine ... Bicarb<22) - avoid NS ... acidosis) • Low ... Use gtt, NOT hypertonic ... Slow - don’t delay
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