9 results
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... Urine Na+K / serum ... volume restriction alone ... can be high or low ... : Hypovolemia, Hypervolemia
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
water loss, Serum Sodium ... 300 mmol/kg • Hypertonic ... saline administration ... mannitol, glucosuria Low ... Urine Osmolality
Treatment of Hyperkalemia
Membrane Stabilization
 • Calcium Gluconate (10%)
 • Hypertonic (3%) Normal Saline
Shifters:
 • Insulin (Short
Treatment of Hyperkalemia ... Gluconate (10%) • Hypertonic ... (3%) Normal Saline ... Furosemide • Sodium ... #Medications #Interventions
Hypertonic Saline for Treatment of Hyponatremic Encephalopathy
1) 100 ml bolus of 3% NaCl over 10 min.
Hypertonic Saline ... for Treatment of ... Hyponatremic Encephalopathy ... L. 5) Monitor urine ... #Hypertonic #Saline
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Algorithm Isotonic ... , Recent TURP Hypotonic ... polydipsia • Hypervolemia ... causes #nephrology #sodium ... #low
Hyponatremia with Severe Symptoms - Management Algorithm with Hypertonic Saline
The goal of acute management is to
Hyponatremia with ... with Hypertonic ... Saline The goal ... probably not the low ... #treatment #Hypertonic
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
1) Is it hypotonic ... Measure urine osmolality ... Treatment: Treatment ... syndrome. 3% saline ... management #nephrology #sodium
Management of Hyponatremia
Hypertonic Saline - Only indicated if patient has severe symptoms + Na < 125
Give
Management of Hyponatremia ... Hypertonic Saline ... give specific treatment ... #Management #algorithm ... #treatment #sodium
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
lysis) ± Urine ... acidosis) • Low ... Redistribution Treatments ... Use gtt, NOT hypertonic ... Slow - don’t delay